Vomiting and Diarrhea
The gastro-intestinal (GI) tract has many functions. Obviously, it is a major component of the digestive process, but it also has a role in maintaining hydration and preventing the introduction of disease. The most common presentation of gastro-intestinal upset are the clinical signs of vomiting and/or diarrhea. Other signs may include acute abdominal pain and lack of weight gain, or excessive weight loss.
Dogs and cats have a very strong vomiting reflex. This reflex is useful in preventing irritating or toxic substances from passing further into the GI tract. Most vomiting episodes are fairly benign, and can be cured within 24 hours by withholding food (but not water). This allows time for the stomach to rest and recover from whatever has irritated it. If vomiting is severe (more than 3-4 times over several hours), or a no-food trial does not resolve the signs, than an examination should be performed before dehydration occurs.
If diarrhea occurs, it is very important to note the amount, constancy, and presence of blood or mucus. These help determine what part of the GI tract is involved. As with vomiting, a 12-24 hour food withdrawal can often clear up a mild case of diarrhea. If the diarrhea persists for more than 2 days, or has red or black blood in it, an examination should be performed and appropriate treatment started.
Always remember that water should be provided at all times. Vomiting and diarrhea both can cause rapid dehydration. If vomiting continues for more than 1 day, or diarrhea continues for more than 2 days, a veterinarian should examine your pet.